【中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法】初中英語(yǔ)中都有什么時(shí)態(tài)？(5)

　　四：時(shí)態(tài)一致

　　時(shí)態(tài)一致是英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)診斷的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。通常應(yīng)由主句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)決定從句的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)。一般原則是：

　　1、當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)��?lái)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)具體情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)

　　he says that he lives in wuhan.

　　we hope that there will be many people at your party today.

　　“did you hear that bill finally sold the house?” “yes, but i don’t know who bought it.”

　　“there’s a lot of excitement on the street.”

　　“there certainly is. do you suppose the astronauts have returned?”

　　2、當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)使用過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句的謂語(yǔ)必須使用過(guò)去范圍的時(shí)態(tài)

　　he said he was writing a novel.

　　the teacher wanted to know when we would finish the experiment.

　　he said his father had been an engineer.

　　3、當(dāng)從句是表示沒有時(shí)間概念的真理時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：

　　the teacher told them since light travels faster than sound, lightning appears to go before thunder.

　　注：在此種情況下，即使主句謂語(yǔ)用了過(guò)去式的各種時(shí)態(tài)，從句謂語(yǔ)也應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　4、從句謂語(yǔ)只能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況

　　利用時(shí)態(tài)一致原則確定從句動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意，若主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、建議、勸告等的動(dòng)詞，從句謂語(yǔ)只能用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，不能遵循時(shí)態(tài)一致原則。例如：

　　we insisted that we do it ourselves.

　　動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　語(yǔ)態(tài)也是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。

　　1)we use electricity to run machines. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　2)electricity is used to run machines. (被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))

　　1. 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)

　　(1)在英語(yǔ)中，不及物動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但有些不及物動(dòng)詞(包括短語(yǔ))容易引起誤用。如：appear, belong, belong, die, escape, fall, happen, last, remain, succeed, occur, come true, take place, consist of。

　　(2)某些表示狀態(tài)或特征的及物動(dòng)詞，如：become, contain, cost, fit, have, resemble, suit也沒有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

　　2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)形式

　　常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有表1 所列的幾種時(shí)態(tài)形式。

　　表1

　　時(shí)間 一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成時(shí)

　　現(xiàn)在 am asked am being asked

　　is asked is being asked

　　are asked are being asked

　　過(guò)去

　　was be asked was being asked

　　were be asked were being asked

　　將來(lái) shall be asked shall have been asked

　　will be asked will have been asked

　　過(guò)去 should be asked should have been asked

　　將來(lái) would be asked would have been asked