2015初中英語語法大全(24)

5、more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over; less than=under.如：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個(gè)多月)

6、“one of the +更高級(jí)+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個(gè)短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(較古老的一幢房子在一場(chǎng)大火中被燒毀了)

7、“Which / Who+動(dòng)詞+形/副,□,□or□?”句型中,如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用比較級(jí),如果有三個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用更高級(jí)。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書較多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個(gè)較重？)

8、上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個(gè)事物的詞時(shí),用比較級(jí),而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every等表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物時(shí),用更高級(jí)。如：--Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一點(diǎn)的那個(gè)你喜歡嗎？一個(gè)都不喜歡)/ --Which do you like best? –All of them!(你較喜歡哪個(gè)？全部。)

七、介詞：

1、介詞的主要用法：

介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：out of(從…中出來), because of(因?yàn)?, away from(距離…), on top of(在…頂上), ever since(自從…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根據(jù)…), in front of(在…前方)等。

2、介詞的分類表：(見下表)

地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞：above在…前, about在…附近, across在…對(duì)面, after在…后面, against倚著..., along在…近旁, among在…中間, around在…周圍, round在….周圍,  at在…處, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁邊, between在...之間, by在...旁, down在...下面, from來自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面,  on top of在...頂部,   in front of在...前,  close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中間, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞：across橫越..., against對(duì)抗..., along沿著..., around繞著..., round環(huán)繞..., at朝著..., behind向…后面, etween…and…從…到...,by路過/通過..., down向…下, for向..., from從/離..., in進(jìn)入..., into進(jìn)入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脫離/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨過..., past經(jīng)過/超過..., through穿過..., to向/朝..., towards朝著..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from遠(yuǎn)離...

 時(shí)間介詞：about大約..., after在…以后, at在… (時(shí)刻), before在…以前, by到…為止, during在…期間, for有…(之久), from從…(時(shí))起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past過了…(時(shí)), since自從…(至今), through 貫穿…(期間), till直到…時(shí), until直到…時(shí), to到(下一時(shí)刻), ever since從那時(shí)起至今,at the beginning of在...開始時(shí),at the end of在...末, in the middle of在...當(dāng)中,at the time of在...時(shí)

方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(語言),  like與…一樣, on騎(車)/徒(步),通過(收音機(jī)/電視機(jī)), over通過(收音機(jī)), through通過..., with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼), without沒有…

涉及介詞:about關(guān)于..., except除了…, besides除了…還... for對(duì)于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有關(guān)..., on關(guān)于/有關(guān)..., to對(duì)…而言, towards針對(duì)..., with就…而言

其它介詞:

【目的介詞】for為了...,  from防止…,  to為了…

【原因介詞】for因?yàn)?..,  with由于…,  because of因?yàn)?..

【比較介詞】as與…一樣,like象…一樣,than比...,to與…相比, unlike與…不同

【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】against和…一起(比賽),at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著…(衣服/顏色),into變成...,on在(值日), with與…一起,有/帶著/長(zhǎng)著..., without沒有/無/不與…一起